Stigmella hoheriae
| Stigmella hoheriae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male holotype | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nepticulidae |
| Genus: | Stigmella |
| Species: | S. hoheriae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Stigmella hoheriae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989
| |
Stigmella hoheriae is a species of moth of the family Nepticulidae.[1] This day flying moth is found in New Zealand in both the North and South Islands. It inhabits native forest. Eggs are laid on the surface of a still growing leaf of a host plant. Larvae feed on Hoheria species such as Hoheria glabrata, Hoheria populnea, Hoheria sexstylosa and Hoheria angustifolia and have been recorded from February to August. The larvae of S. hoheriae are leaf miners. Their mines create blotches on the host plant leaves. S. hoheriae larvae pupate in a silk cocoon on the ground at the base of their food plant. Adult moths have been observed on the wing in February and from July to December. This species is rarely noticed as it is very small and as a result does not tend to attract attention when on the wing.
Taxonomy[edit]
This species was first described in 1989 by Hans Donner and Christopher Wilkinson from specimens collected in the Auckland, Rangitiikei, Mid Canterbury, Mackenzie, Fiordland and Otago regions. The male holotype specimen, collected at Te Rau-o-te-Huia / Mount Donald McLean in the Waitākere Ranges, Auckland, emerged 17 August 1976 "ex Hoheria populnea", by J. S. Dugdale.[2]
Description[edit]
The larvae of this species are 2–3 mm long and pale transparent green.[2]
Donner and Wilkinson described the male of the species as follows:
Head. Frontal tuft and scape cream; collar brownish cream; antenna brown, comprising 45-52 segments. Thorax brown. Forewing 3-4 mm long, brown, lustrous, reflecting gold, with a small spot at dorsum medially varying from clearly present to almost absent; fringe grey. Hindwing and fringe grey, lustrous, reflecting platinum. Abdomen greyish brown.[2]
They described the female as follows:
As for male, but forewing 4 mm long, brown, iridescent, reflecting purple, with anal half white for three-quarters of length.[2]
Distribution[edit]
This species is endemic to New Zealand.[3][4][5] S. hoheriae is found in both the North and South Islands and is very common throughout New Zealand.[2]
Life history[edit]
Eggs[edit]
The females lay eggs on the surface of a still growing leaf of their host plant.[2]
Larvae[edit]
Larva have been recorded from February to August. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of blotches, mainly on the lower leaves. The mine is narrow and crosses over itself several times, but rarely passes larger leaf ribs. The frass is deposited in a straight, granular line medially in the mine. The cocoon is spun from dark brown silk (from larvae found on Hoheria lyalli and H. glabrata) οr pale whitish silk (larvae on other Hoheria species). It is located amongst the debris at the base of the food plant.
Adults[edit]
Adult moths have been observed on the wing in the wild in February and July—December.[2]
Behaviour[edit]
Adults are day flying and are most commonly on the wing from August to November.[6] It is likely there are two generations per year.[2] The species is rarely noticed as the adults are very small and as a result does not tend to attract attention.[6]
Habitat and host species[edit]
This species inhabits native forest habitat.[6] The larvae feed on Hoheria species such as Hoheria glabrata, Hoheria populnea, Hoheria sexstylosa and Hoheria angustifolia.[7][2]
References[edit]
- ^ Erik J van Nieukerken; Camiel Doorenweerd; Robert J B Hoare; Donald R Davis (31 October 2016). "Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea)". ZooKeys. 628 (628): 65–246. doi:10.3897/ZOOKEYS.628.9799. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 5126388. PMID 27917038. Wikidata Q28109648.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hans Donner; Christopher Wilkinson (28 April 1989). "Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera)" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 16. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 24–25. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.16. ISSN 0111-5383. OCLC 924829916. Wikidata Q45079930. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2021.
- ^ "Stigmella hoheriae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- ^ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 461. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ "Stigmella hoheriae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
- ^ a b c Hoare, Robert J. B. (2014). A photographic guide to moths & butterflies of New Zealand. Ball, Olivier. Auckland: New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 9781869663995. OCLC 891672034.
- ^ "PlantSynz - Invertebrate herbivore biodiversity assessment tool: Database". plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 2018-07-12.