Mizuno Katsushige

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Japanese name, the surname is Mizuno.
Mizuno Katsunari
水野 勝成
Daimyo of Kariya Domain
In office
1600–1615
Succeeded byMizuno Tadakiyo
Daimyo of Fukuyama Domain
In office
1619–1639
Succeeded byMizuno Katsutoshi
Daimyo of Kōriyama Domain
In office
1615–1619
Succeeded byMatsudaira Tadaaki
Personal details
BornSeptember 20, 1564
Okazaki, Aichi
DiedMay 4, 1651
Kenchu-ji Temple, Fukuyama Domain
RelationsMizuno Tadashige (father)
Mizuno Katsutoshi (son)
Nickname(s)Rin-kai-fuki
Oni-Hyūga
Military service
AllegianceMizuno Tadashige（Tokugawa clan→Oda Nobukatsu) → Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Sengoku Hidehisa → Sassa Narimasa → Kuroda Yoshitaka → Konishi Yukinaga → Katō Kiyomasa → Tachibana Muneshige) → ? → Mōri clan (Mimura Chikanari) → Tokugawa clan (Tokugawa Ieyasu → Tokugawa Hidetada → Tokugawa Iemitsu)
Unit Mizuno clan
Battles/wars

Mizuno Katsunari (水野 勝成) (1564–1651), also known as Mizuno Rokuzaemon (水野 六左衛門), was a Rōnin, and a Japanese samurai daimyō of the late Sengoku and early Edo periods.[1] Mizuno Katsushige was known to be participated in battles against Takeda clan, Tenshō-Jingo War, Kyūshū campaign Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, Battle of Sekigahara, Siege of Osaka, and Shimabara Rebellion.

During his life, Katsunari often changed his allegiance. However, in the end he returned to serve his original lord, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and continued his service to the Tokugawa shogunate for 3 generations until Tokugawa Iemitsu. Katsunari tendency to change his allegiance quite often has garnered him a nickname Rin kai fuki (倫魁不羈), which etymologically means "too awesome to serve (only) one lord". Katsunari died in May 4 1651.

His court title was Koretō Hyūga no Kami (惟任日向守). It is said that since Akechi Mitsuhide, no one want the title of Hyūga no Kami until Katsunari, as he said that he does not care about Mitsuhide's bad reputation and not afraid about bad omen of the title. Since then, Katsunari got a nickname Hyūga Demon (鬼日向).[2] Katsunari's tales of journeys during his life and for his friendship with the legendary Rōnin Miyamoto Musashi has produced many anecdotes about him.

Biography[edit]

He was a son of Mizuno Tadashige.[3] His first battle was in the 7th year of Tensho ( 1579 ) , when he followed Tadashige to attack Takatenjin Castle in Totomi, but due to Katsuyori Takeda 's retreat, the battle did not take place.[4]

In 1580 , his father Tadashige was taken over by Oda Nobunaga and became the daimyo of Kariya.[citation needed] In 1581, Katsunari participated to besiege Takatenjin once again.[5]

In 1582, Katsunari participated in the Tenshō-Jingo War, on the side of Tokugawa. During this conflict, at the battle of Wakamiko, Katsunari was wounded.[6] Later, Hōjō Ujitada trying to attack the Tokugawa army position by leading a detachment to the rear of the latter's position. Then Torii Mototada lead a raid group of 2,000 to repel the 10,000 Hōjō army attempt to flank the Tokugawa army position.[7] Katsunari followed Torii Mototada and Yasusada Miyake in this assault. Hōjō Ujikatsu saw this and went to Ujitada's rescue, but Katsunari and Miyake manage to repel Ujikatsu's reinforcements. despite some quarrel with Mototada as he viewed Katsunari being reckless and not following order, Katsunari were praised for his outstanding performance and received some rewards.[8] The Hōjō army also failed to launch attack to Tokugawa's rear army.[7]

On October 29, during the peace negotiation between Tokugawa clan with the Hojo clan, Ieyasu decided that hostages were unnecessary and sent Katsunari, Mototada Torii, and Yasumasa Sakakibara to Misaka Castle.[9]

Komaki-Nagakute campaign & disinherited by his father[edit]

In 1584, Katsunari participated along with his father in the conflict between Tokugawa against Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Komaki-Nagakute. Katsunari were tasked to assist his father and Ishikawa Kazumasa in the siege of the Hoshizaki Castle which defended by Okada Yoshiatsu.[10] In this operation Katsunari stormed the castle and capturing it.[11]

Shortly after, Katsunari moved from mount Komaki, to Kobata Castle, where he and his father rendezvous with Sakai Tadatsugu, Yasumasa Sakakibara, Osuga Yasutaka, Honda Yasushige , and others to strike Toyotomi Hidetsugu army. During this moment, he was berated by Tadashige for not wearing helmet, as Katsunari argues that he had ailment on his eyes which forcing him to bandage his head and preventing him to wear helmet.[12] From here on, Katsunari took action in raiding the camp of Toyotomi general named Shirae Narisada and personally presented many heads of the enemy he slain to Ieyasu.[13] Katsunari were further recorded being taking another action during the main battle in Nagakute, before Ii Naomasa's army clashing against the army of Mori Nagayoshi, where he charged impetiously toward Nagayoshi, sharing the glory of the victory with Naomasa after the end of campaign. However, Mizuno Tadayoshi rather annoyed with his son's conduct of disobeying the central command and took the initiative independently by attacking the enemy before being commanded, thus prompting Tadayoshi to further criticize Katsunari.[14]

Several months later, Katsunari also participated the Siege of Kanie Castle, where he joined the ranks of Ieyasu's Hatamoto retainers in blockading the port of the castle, and hijacked two ships belongs to Kuki Yoshitaka.[15] During this siege, Katsunari was recorded to fight in one-on-one combat against Takigawa Sankurō, son of Takigawa Kazumasu. Although both of them were injured, but no one died in this duel as both retreated safely.[16] Katsunari units also manage other achieve good performance here, including one which Hattori Yasuhide(Hattori Hanzō's nephew), who at that time served under Katsunari, has participated.and achieved military exploits.[17]

Later, Katsunari followed the Tokugawa operations in Kuwana, Mie, in Ise Province, against Nobuo Oda who now making peace with Toyotomi Hideyoshi. However, during this time Katsunari committed a huge crime by murdering his father's vassal who reported Katsunari's misconduct. Tadashige, who has lost his patience in dealing with his son's unruly behavior, immediately disown and disinherit Katsunari from the Mizuno clan.[18]

Changing allegiance from time to time[edit]

After being disowned by his own fater, he moved around with relatives from town to town Mino, Owari, and finally went to Kyoto. In Kyoto, he strode around without any attendants, sleeping at the temple gate of Nanzen-ji Temple, and when he went out into town, interacted with many outlaws. Katsunari also reported to have a big fight and killed many people in Shimizu.[19]

On March 27 1585, Katsunari entered service of Oda Nobukatsu, who now on good terms with Hideyoshi. Katsunari participated in the Conquest of Kishu, particularly in the subjugation of Saika Ikki rebellion.[20] Later, Katsunari participated in the Invasion of Shikoku which held in the same year, as he served under the command of Sengoku Hidehisa, who appoint Katsunari a control of Domain with 728 Koku.[21] However, soon he going renegade again by abandoned his post and fled to Chūgoku region, where was during this time Katsunari started the adopt new name as "Rokuzaemon". It was said that the reason of his run from his post was because Toyotomi Hideyoshi once sent an assassin to kill him.[22]

In 1587, Katsunari changed entered the service under a daimyo of Higo Province, Sassa Narimasa, where he awarded a control of domain with 1,000 koku. Katsunari followed participated in the suppression of Kumabe Chikanaga rebellion. that Katsunari spearheading the attack towards Kikuchi Castle and also participated as a relief force to the Kumamoto Castle to repel the rebel's siege.[23] It was said that in during this operation to save Kumamoto castle, Katsunari once fought against one of the semi-mythical legendary warriors known as "Ten Braves of Amago". Here, Katsunari worked in cooperation with the Tachibana clan commanders such asTachibana Muneshige, Totoki Tsuresada, and Kunitsugu Yasuda to relieve the cadtle from rebel's threat and he manage to slay the legendary rebel leader.[24] However, later Sassa Narimasa was executed as he was blamed for Kumabe Chikanaga rebellion's outbreak.[25]

Later in the same year, prompting Katsunari to enter the service ofKuroda Yoshitaka and participated in the Kyūshū Campaign.[citation needed] In 1588, Katsunari once again changing his allegiance of service by entering the rank under Konishi Yukinaga.[citation needed]

In 1589, Katsunari participated in the suppression of five christian clans of Amakusa (not 1637 Shimabara Rebellion). with reinforcements from Katō Kiyomasa, He captured Shiki Castle, the stronghold of Shiki clan of Shimabara, and also captured Hondo Castle which defendede by Amakusa Tanemoto. After that, Katsunari left Yukinaga;s rank and temporarily serving Kiyomasa and then later Muneshige Tachibana. However, the tenure of Katsunari's service under those two were short, before he changed his allegiance again.[26]

On the aftermath of his service under Muneshige, Katsunari life were obscured with various legendary tales without veracity. the only light during his journey were only when he start serving as guest of Mimura Chikanari, a Mōri clan's vassal in 1594. During his stay here it was recorded that he bethroted to a woman which later gave birth to Katsunari son, Mizuno Katsutoshi, who will inherit the Mizuno clan in the future.[27]

Return to serve Tokugawa[edit]

See also: Battle of Sekigahara

In 1599, Katsunari returned to Tokugawa service, as he reconciled with his father and Ieyasu Tokugawa. At this time, Katsunari was given him domain worth of approximately 10,000 koku worth.[28] On April 22 of the same year, Katsunari's younger sister, Kanahime (later known as Seijoin), became Ieyasu's adopted daughter and married to Katō Kiyomasa.[29] In 1600, Katsunari participated in Eastern army during Sekigahara Campaign and being entrusted to lead the army of Mino Province to the campaign of Aizu.[30] However, on July 18, Tadashige was murdered by Kaganoi Shigemochi, an ally of Mitsunari.[31][32] Then Katsunari were appointed to inherit the position of his father as the head of Mizuno clan.[citation needed] Katsunari, who became the head of the Mizuno family, returned to Kariya castle due to the cancellation of the Aizu conquest and went to the Battle of Sekigahara.

Tantō/Hyūga Masamune, Formerly in possession of Ishida Mitsunari; It was seized by Mizuno Katsunari In Ogaki castle

On September 13th, Shimazu Yoshihiro led his soldiers to besiege Sone Castle and bombarding Sone castle with their artilleries. Ii Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu implored Katsunari to repulse the Shimazu forces. In response, Katsunari goes out with sallying force with his younger brother, Mizuno Tadatane, to defend Sone Castle.[19] Katsunari fired a gun at the turret of the Shimazu army, then attacking and routing the Shimazu clan's army. After he beat rhe Shimazu forces, Katsunari manage to proceed Further, burning down Ninomaru camp and finally besiege the Ogaki Castle.[33][19] As Katsunari burned the Ninomaru castle,[19] the Western army nearby that area, including the Shimazu clan who has just beaten by Katsunari's army, concluded the Ogaki castle could not be saved and decide to retreat into Ise Province.[34]

After the victory of Tokugawa army in the main battle of Sekigahara, Katsunari immediately persuade the defender of Ogaki castle, Akizuki Tanenaga, to surrender, which immediately accepted.[35] Katsunari entered Ogaki castle and immediately wrote a letter to Ii Naomasa to give pardon to Tanenaga, which accepted by Ieyasu.[36] he also seized the Hyūga Masamune blade belongs to Ishida Mitsunari,[37] However, Katsunari found that one of the castle attendant was Kaganoi Yahachiro, son of Kaganoi Shigemochi. Katsunari immediately execute Yahachiro to avenge his father who has been murdered by Shigemochi.[37]

In December 1608, It was reported that Katsunari met with Miyamoto Musashi. Musashi taught Katsunari the secret techniques of his swordstyle.[38]

Campaign against Toyotomi Hideyori[edit]

Mizuno Katsunari's Battle Standard

In 1614, Katsunari participated during the Tokugawa forces Siege of Osaka against Toyotomi Hideyori.[39]

On December 20, peace was established between Tokugawa and Toyotomi. As the reclamation of the moat became a condition for peace, Katsunari also became involved in the reclamation of the moat at Aoyaguchi, northeast of Osaka Castle. After that, he served as the guard at the Kuromonguchi (Sakuramon) gate of Osaka Castle, and returned to Kariya in February.[40] For his effort in this war, Katsunari domain of Kariya were increased 30,000 koku into 60,000 koku.[41]

In 1615, conflict against Hideyori broke again. Katsunari participated this summer phase of Osaka siege, he was appointed as the first commander in chief of the Yamatoguchi area (Yamato area army). Katsunari was given strict order to not initiate the assault towards the castle. Then he mobilize his troops from Kyoto to Nara city, where he met an enemy forces led by Ōno Harufusa who were on their march to attack Koriyama castle at Nara. However, Harufusa army immediately disengage and retreat after they saw Katsunari forces.[19]

After he arrived in Nara, Katsunari rendezvous his army with Honda Tadamasa Matsudaira Tadaaki, Date Masamune, Matsudaira Tadateru, and others. On May 4, Katsunari was called by Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada and went to Fushimi, where he received an award of 50 gold pieces for his efforts in preventing the enemy from attack city Nara. Later, Katsunari taking his army of 3,800 soldiers south through the night, and on the May 5, He set out with Hori Naoyori, Matsukura Shigemasa, Bessho Magojiro, Okuda Tadatsugu, Niwa Ujinobu, Nakayama Terumori , Murase Shigeharu , and others, and arrived at Kokubu at 4 p.m. to camp.[42]

On the May 6, Katsunari fought against Gotō Mototsugu, his former colleague when still serving Kuroda clan, in the Battle of Dōmyōji.[42] According to "Hyuga no kami memorandum" record, Katsunari disregard Ieyasu's order to not engage the enemy first and charging his forces towards Mototsugu position, practically eliminating Mototsugu's entire army. He then advanced further with his troops to Honda Village, where he clashed against another Toyotomi general named Watanabe Tadasu, and where he fatally injured Tadasu. Katsunari then further pursuing the enemies and catch up against Usuda Kanesao, who were killed by one of Katsunari's lieutenant. As he pursue further, he met up with the rear guard of the Toyotomi army, led by Sanada Yukimura, Mōri Katsunaga, Akashi Takenori, and Ōno Harunaga. At this point, Katsunari asked Date Masamune repeatedly to keep pursuing the enemies, which rejected by Masamune as he stated lacks of ammunition and the casualties mounted so far.

In the final engagement against the Toyotomi forces on the Battle of Tennōji, when Yukimura lost his momentum of suicidal charge in an attempt to kill Ieyasu, Katsunari attacked Sanada's troop with about 600 men from the west of Shoai-in Temple. Sanada's corps, attacked from three sides, was finally destroyed. Otani Yoshiharu, a lieutenant of Yukimura, was killed by Katsunari's troops during the mop up operation.[43] Katsunari planned his war banner at Sakura gate.[44]

Aftermath Osaka siege[edit]

Later in the same year, the shogunate moved his fief from Kariya Domain in Mikawa Province to Kōriyama Domain in Yamato Province (60,000 koku); then in 1619, his fief was transferred to Fukuyama Domain in Bingo Province (100,000 koku).[1] It was reported the peoples of Fukuyawa were satisfied with Katsunari rule in their domain.[45]

In 1622, Katsunari built Matsumoto Castle with special permission from the Shogun.[46]

In 1638, Katsunari led forces in the shogunate army which put down the Shimabara Rebellion in Kyushu.[47]

Death[edit]

In 1651, he died at Fukuyama Castle at the age of 88. His remains were interred at Kenchu-ji, the Mizuno family temple near Fukuyama Castle.

The line of his direct descendants ended in 1698.[1] In 1919, Katsunari was posthumously elevated to the lower third rank of the Imperial Court.

Personal Info[edit]

Mizuno Katsunari was considered as one of Fudai daimyō. He also said to be a master of dual wield sword fighting martial art.[48]

Being violent and murderous during his youth, Katsunari were compared to his friend, the legendary swordsmen Miyamoto Musashi, in term of temperament.[49]

On the aftermath of Sekigahara battle, when Ishida Mitsunari, Konishi Yukinaga, and Ankokuji Ekei was caught, and being paraded around Osaka and Sakai before executed, Katsunari covered Yukinaga, his former lord, with straw hat to shield Yukinaga's head from the heatstroke. It was suggested by the author who recorded the occasion that it was a gesture of Katsunari's gratitude towards Yukinaga, who has sheltered him during Katsunari's wandering year.[50]

After the battle of Osaka, Katsunari were expected to receive domain increase to at least 200,000 koku. However, Ieyasu was furious and instead only give him the increase of 30,000 koku, since Katsunari already disobeyed Ieyasu's order twice during the war. After Katsunari protested this treatment, Hidetada, son of Ieyasu and de facto shogun, trying to calm him down and promised him a nother 100,000 koku increase after Ieyasu's death. Katsunari were calmed and Hidetaa indeed fulfil his promise to brought 100,000 after his father's death.[51]

After being appointed to control Fukuyama Domain by the Tokugawa shogunate, Katsunari employed many former daimyo and jobless samurai who has been disenfranchised after the war, including Mimura Chikanari, his another former lord who once hosted Katsunari after he was ousted from Mizuno clan by Mizuno Tadashige, his father, and left wandering from 1584 to 1598.[52]

An eccentric figure with colorful personality, Mizuno Katsunari also hosted Kabuki troupe in Kyoto at 1608, and taking one of the performer as concubine.[53]

In the Edo period painting, Katsunari was depicted as one of the Tokugawa 28 generals (Tokugawa nijūhachishinshōjin).[54]

Appendix[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ Hirai 199.
  3. ^ Mori Rintarō (1991). A. Dilworth, David; Thomas Rimer, J. (eds.). The historical fiction of Mori Ōgai. University of Hawaii Press. p. 400. ISBN 9780824813666. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  4. ^ "織田信雄分限帳". 続群書類従. 1708. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  5. ^ 日置英剛 (2009). 新・国史大年表 4: 一四五六~一六〇〇混乱の戦国時代信長・秀吉・家康 (in Japanese). : 国書刊行会. p. 756. ISBN 9784336048295. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
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  38. ^ 『宮本武蔵奥伝（与水野日向守）』（小田原市立図書館蔵）、『兵道鏡』（高知城歴史博物館 山内文庫所蔵）
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  50. ^ Shigezane Okaya (2008). ［新訳］名将言行録 大乱世を生き抜いた192人のサムライ [[New translation] A record of the words and deeds of famous commanders: 192 samurai who survived the turbulent times] (in Japanese). PHP研究所. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  51. ^ Masamichi Tokunō (1971). "歴史図書社「福山領分語伝記」『". 続備後叢書（中） (in Japanese). Tokyo: 歴史図書社. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  52. ^ 福山市史編纂会 編 (1978). 福山市史 中巻 (in Japanese). 福山市史編纂会 編. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  53. ^ Mosui Toda (1998). Tsukamoto, Manabu (ed.). 御当代記（ごとうだいき) ワイド版　東洋文庫（オンデマンド版）643 (in Japanese). 平凡社. ISBN 9784256806432.
  54. ^ Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1875); Sidney A. Tannenbaum (1978). "The Twenty-eight Deified Generals of the Tokugawa Clan (Tokugawa nijūhasshōjin)". philamuseum.org. Philadelphia, USA: Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 20 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Bibliography[edit]

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